Energetic transition
The energy transition is a profound structural change in energy production and consumption patterns. This is one of the components of the ecological transition.
It results from technical developments, prices and the availability of energy resources, but also from the political will of governments and populations, businesses, etc. who wish to reduce the negative effects of this sector on the environment. Various governmental institutions and NGOs have proposed energy transition definitions and scenarios. The scenarios considered often involve moving from the current energy system, based on the use of non-renewable resources to an energy mix based mainly on renewable resources. This implies alternatives to fossil fuels, limited and non-renewable resources (at human time scales). In Western Europe, the majority of scenarios also foresee a gradual reduction in the use of fissile fuels (radioactive materials such as uranium and plutonium), replacing them with renewable energy sources for almost all human activities. (transport, industry, lighting, heating, etc.).
Another version of this transition, which is in the majority in the rest of the world, encourages energies that emit less greenhouse gases without renouncing nuclear energy, considering that climate change is a warning to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change (IPCC) is a priority1.
The energy transition also includes a reduction in the energy demand obtained, in particular by improving the energy efficiency of buildings and technologies, and by changing lifestyles. It is therefore also a behavioral and sociotechnical transition2, which involves a radical change in energy policy.
In France, following the Grenelle Environment, a decentralized national debate in the regions was launched on 24 January 2012, led by the National Council of the debate on the energy transition, to lead to a reworked law since 20143 and a law adopted in July 20154.
In 2012, the French State launched a call for projects to create the Institutes of Energy Transition (ITE)
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